气-液色谱填充柱，由两部分组成：
固定液：聚乙二醇 400
担体：6201 白色硅藻土担体
固定液：聚乙二醇 400
化学性质：聚乙二醇是一种极性的聚合物。PEG-400 表示其平均分子量约为 400。分子量越高，其挥发性越低，热稳定性越好，但粘度也越大。PEG-400 属于较低分子量的PEG，常用于分析沸点不太高的极性化合物。
色谱极性：中等极性至强极性固定相。它对含有极性官能团的分子（如 -OH, -COOH, -NH₂, C=O 等）有很强的相互作用力（主要是氢键力和偶极-偶极力）。
商品名：您可能更熟悉它的商品名 Carbowax 20M。虽然 Carbowax 20M 的分子量更高（约 20,000），热稳定性更好，但 PEG-400 可以看作是它的一个低分子量、低使用温度版本。
应用特点：特别适合分离醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、脂肪酸等极性化合物。对于水也有较好的峰形，常用于酒精饮料中杂醇油的分析、溶剂分析等。
担体：6201 白色硅藻土担体
本质：由天然硅藻土经高温烧结而成的多孔性固体颗粒。它是“白色”的，意味着经过了高温处理，所含的金属氧化物（如铁氧化物）较少。
物理特性：
具有较大的比表面积，便于涂渍固定液。
机械强度较好，能承受填充时的压力。
化学惰性相对较好，但其表面仍然存在硅醇基团，会对极性化合物产生吸附，导致峰拖尾。
表面处理：为了减少6201担体表面对极性分子的吸附，通常需要对其进行酸洗和硅烷化处理。
酸洗：用盐酸处理，去除金属杂质。
硅烷化：用二甲基二氯硅烷等试剂与表面的硅醇基反应，将其转化为惰性的硅醚键，从而大大降低活性。在实际使用中，“6201硅烷化白色担体”更为常见和重要。
分离机制：主要基于样品组分在极性固定液中的溶解度和氢键作用力的差异进行分离。极性越强的组分，保留时间越长。
主要应用领域：
醇类分析：如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、杂醇油（异丁醇、异戊醇等）的分离。这是它最经典的应用之一。
醛酮类分析：如甲醛、乙醛、丙酮等的分离。
水分分析：在一些方法中，可以用它来测定有机物中的微量水（虽然现在有更好的专用柱）。
其他极性溶剂：如乙二醇、甘油等的工业分析。
操作温度：由于PEG-400的挥发性，柱温不宜过高，通常上限在100-120°C左右。长时间在高温下使用会导致固定液流失，柱寿命缩短，基线漂移。
Application features: Especially suitable for separating polar compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, fatty acids, etc. It also has a good peak shape for water and is commonly used in the analysis of fusel oil and solvents in alcoholic beverages.
Carrier: 6201 white diatomaceous earth carrier
Essence: Porous solid particles made by high-temperature sintering of natural diatomaceous earth. It is "white", indicating that it has undergone high-temperature treatment and contains less metal oxides (such as iron oxides).
Physical characteristics:
Has a large specific surface area, making it easy to apply fixative.
Good mechanical strength, able to withstand the pressure during filling.
The chemical inertness is relatively good, but there are still silanol groups on its surface, which can adsorb polar compounds and cause peak tailing.
Surface treatment: In order to reduce the adsorption of polar molecules on the surface of the 6201 support, acid washing and silane treatment are usually required.
Acid washing: Treat with hydrochloric acid to remove metal impurities.
Silanization: Reacting with reagents such as dimethyldichlorosilane and silanol groups on the surface to convert them into inert silicon ether bonds, greatly reducing activity. In practical use, "6201 silanized white support" is more common and important.
Separation mechanism: mainly based on the differences in solubility and hydrogen bonding forces of sample components in polar fixatives for separation. The stronger the polarity of the component, the longer the retention time.
Main application areas:
Alcohol analysis: separation of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and fusel oils (isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, etc.). This is one of its most classic applications.
Aldehyde ketone analysis: separation of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, etc.
Moisture analysis: In some methods, it can be used to determine trace amounts of water in organic matter (although there are now better dedicated columns).
Industrial analysis of other polar solvents such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.
Operating temperature: Due to the volatility of PEG-400, the column temperature should not be too high, usually with an upper limit of around 100-120 ° C. Long term use at high temperatures can lead to loss of fixative, shortened column life, and baseline drift.
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